Asthma is a major noncommunicable disease (NCD), affecting both children and adults, and is the most common chronic disease among children. Inflammation and narrowing of the small airways in the lungs cause asthma symptoms, which can be any combination of cough, wheeze, shortness of breath and chest tightness.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of progressive lung disease that is preventable and treatable.
COPD is characterized by long-term respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. The main symptoms include shortness of breath and a cough which may or may not produce mucus. COPD progressively worsens with everyday activities such as walking or dressing becoming difficult.
The diagnosis of COPD should be considered in anyone over the age of 35 to 40 who has shortness of breath, a chronic cough, sputum production, or frequent winter colds and a history of exposure to risk factors for the disease. SPIROMETRY is then used to confirm the diagnosis.
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a simple test that can be used to check your heart’s rhythm and electrical activity. Sensors attached to the skin are used to detect the electrical signals produced by your heart each time it beats.
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection that usually attacks Lungs. It can spread to other parts of body, like Brain, Spine, bone,abdomen, pleura or genito-urinary tract. A type of bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes it. Tuberculosis is highly prevalent disease in India. nearly every 3rd to 4th person of Indian population is infected with TB but disease manifest when body Immune System get deteriorated.
TYPES OF TUBERCULOSIS :-
1. PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS :- AFFECT LUNGS
2. EXTRA-PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS- PLEURAL EFFUSION, BONE, BRAIN, ABDOMINAL, UTERINE, URINARY, GLAND AND LYMPH NODE
Treatment Of Tuberculosis
Depending on your risk factors, latent TB can re-activate and cause an active infection. Active TB should always be treated. RNTCP provides guidelines for treatment of tuberculosis in India. Accepted regimen for treatment is DOTS-Regimen according to Categories.
FOR CAT-1 PATIENTS :- Total 6 months treatment required with Intensive phase and Continuation Phase. Continuous monitoring needed during whole treatment period. Regular LIver function test, kidney function test, Chest X-ray, All routine tests should be done monthly.
Main Drugs:- RIFAMPICINE, ISONIAZIDE, PYRAZINAMIDE AND ETHAMBUTOL
FOR MDR TUBERCLUSIS:- Total 2 year treatment is required under continious monitoring.
Main Drugs :- BEDAQUINOLINE, PRETOMANID, FLOROQUINOLONS, ETHIONAMIDE, AMINOGLICOSIDES, LINEZOLID, CLOFAZIMINE AND MANY MORE.
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is an umbrella term used for a large group of diseases that cause scarring (fibrosis) of the lungs. The scarring causes stiffness in the lungs which makes it difficult to breathe and get oxygen to the bloodstream. Lung damage from ILDs is often irreversible and gets worse over time.
Many things can increase the risk of or cause ILDs including genetics, certain medications or medical treatments such as radiation or chemotherapy. Exposure to hazardous materials has been linked to ILDs such as asbestosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. People with autoimmune diseases such as sarcoidosis or rheumatoid arthritis are also at increased risk of developing an ILD. Smoking can not only cause ILDs, but can make the condition much worse, which is why anyone diagnosed is strongly encouraged to quit. Unfortunately, in many cases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, the causes may be unknown.
The most common symptom of all ILDs is shortness of breath. This is often accompanied by a dry cough, chest discomfort, fatigue and occasionally weight loss. In most cases, by the time the symptoms appear lung damage has already been done so it is important to see your doctor immediately. Severe cases that are left untreated can develop life-threatening complications including high blood pressure, heart or respiratory failure.
To diagnose an ILD, chest X-ray or CT scan recommended to get a better look at your lungs. A lung function test may be used to measure your total lung capacity, which may have deteriorated due to the ILD. In more serious cases, and to diagnose a specific type of ILD, more invasive procedures may be needed, such as a bronchoscopy or a lung biopsy.
Treatment for ILDs varies depending on the type of ILD diagnosed and the severity. Lung damage from ILDs is often irreversible and progressive, so treatment normally centers on relieving symptoms, improving quality of life and slowing the disease’s progression.
Medications, such as corticosteroids, Nintedanib, and Perfenidon can be used . Oxygen therapy is another common treatment because it helps deliver extra oxygen to make breathing easier and lessen complications from low blood oxygen levels, such as heart failure. Pulmonary rehabilitation may also be recommended to improve daily life by giving patients techniques to improve lung efficiency, improve physical endurance and offer emotional support. In the most extreme cases, people with ILDs will be recommended for lung transplants.
AFTER COVID-19 TREATMENT , YOU MAY STILL EXPERIENCE SOME SYMPTOMS such as:
• Low energy levels and fatigue
• Difficulty breathing, and becoming breathless with even a little bit of
physical exertion
• Chest congestion and a lot of phlegm
• Cough with phlegm
• Poor appetite and/or changed taste in the mouth
• Headaches
• Difficulty remembering things and poor concentration
• Anxiety
• Difficulty falling asleep
• Fear of relapse or a family member contracting the illness
• Nightmares or bad memories of your time in the hospital
Lung Expansion and Breathing exercises that will help in mild to moderate case of covid-19 and definitely help to overcome post covid complications.
This is very important for post covid pulmonary fibrosis cases.
In Post covid pulmonary fibrosis main treatment modality is Lung Expansion exercise and few medications like Low dose steroids and Nintedanib etc..
PLEURAL FLUID is defined as the fluid that is found between the layers of the pleura, the membranes of which line the cavity and surround the lungs. The space containing the fluid is referred to as the pleural cavity or pleural space.
Changes in the volume of pleural fluid can be caused by infection, trauma, or other causes and can lead to respiratory problems and other adverse conditions. Extraction of pleural fluid allows doctors to diagnose causes of these changes or to investigate for signs of infection or disease. When a large amount of pleural fluid is present, it is usually removed due to symptoms. Often times, however, the fluid recurs, and procedures to prevent further recurrences are then needed.
Tuberculosis Is Leading Cause Of Pleural Effusion In India
There Are Two Primary Types Of Pleural Fluid Found In Pleural Effusions.
TRANSUDATES
One is a transudate, which is a thin, clear fluid. Causes of a transudate may include:
Congestive heart failure
Chest surgery
Cirrhosis of the liver
Pulmonary emboli (blood clots in the legs that break off and travel to the lungs)
EXUDATE
Infection (pneumonia,TB)
Malignancy
Connective tissue diesease
Abdominal disorder
Chylothorax
We Are Providing Free Tubercolosis Medicine And Gene Xpert (CBNAAT) Test At Lifeline Health Care by Dr Sanjay Chest Specialist and Diabetologist
OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder. It causes you to repeatedly stop and start breathing while you sleep.
There are several types of sleep apnea, but the most common is obstructive sleep apnea. This type of apnea occurs when your throat muscles intermittently relax and block your airway during sleep. A noticeable sign of obstructive sleep apnea is snoring.
SYMPTOMS :
*Excessive daytime sleepiness
*Loud snoring
*Observed episodes of stopped breathing during sleep
*Abrupt awakenings accompanied by gasping or choking
*Morning headache
*Difficulty concentrating
*Mood changes, such as depression or irritability
*High blood pressure
*Decreased libido
TREATMENT of OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA
Get Rid of your snoring and Sleep Issues.
#Polysomnography, also called a sleep study, is a comprehensive test used to diagnose sleep disorders. Polysomnography records your brain waves, the oxygen level in your blood, heart rate and breathing, as well as eye and leg movements during the study.
Life Style Modification and Auto_CPAP is mainstay of treatment.
Diabetes is a metabolic_disorder characterised by HYPERGLYCEMIA due to defect in INSULIN secretion and Insulin action.
SYMPTOMS :
increased urination,
increased thirst,
increased appetite,
weakness, tiredness, tingling and numbness of limbs,
unexplained weight loss,
recurrent infections,
non healing ulcer,
problems in vision, etc.
DIAGNOSIS :
Blood sugar measurement in fasting and 2hr post prandial and
HBA1C.
DIABETES MELLITUS (DM), commonly known as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a high blood sugar level over a prolonged period of time. Symptoms of high blood sugar include frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger.
FOUR MAJOR DIABETES TYPES can develop: Type 1, type 2, gestational Diabetes and MODY (MATURITY ONSET DIABETES OF YOUNG)
TYPE I DIABETES :- Also known as juvenile diabetes, this type occurs when the body fails to produce insulin. People with type I diabetes are insulin-dependent, which means they must take artificial insulin daily to stay alive.
Markers of #Type-1-Diabetes :
1. GAD-65 ANTIBODY
2. ICA (Islet cell Antibody)
3. IAA (Insulin Auto Antibody)
4. C-peptide
TYPE 2 DIABETES
GESTATIONAL DIABETES : This type occurs in women during pregnancy when the body can become less sensitive to insulin. Gestational diabetes does not occur in all women and usually resolves after giving birth.
During pregnancy can be treated with Insulin.
MODY :- Maturity Onset Diabetes of Young due to genetic mutation of gene coding for Beta cell function. Occurs generally less than 25 years of age.
Pneumonia is an infection in one or both Lungs caused by bacteria, virus or fungi. The infection leads to inflammation in the air sacs of the lungs, which are called Alveoli . The alveoli fill with fluid or pus, making it difficult to breathe.
SYMPTOMS are cough, expectoration, Fever, breathlessness, Chest pain etc.
For proper treatment of pneumonia you can consult with chest specialist or pulmonologist. Our centre Dr Sanjay Kumar Chest Specialist and Diabetologist is treating pneumonia regularly and successfully.
Pneumonia is further classified according to where or how it was acquired:
Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). This type of bacterial pneumonia is acquired during a hospital stay.
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). This refers to pneumonia that’s acquired outside of a medical or institutional setting.
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). When people who are using a ventilator get pneumonia, it’s called VAP.
Aspiration pneumonia. Inhaling bacteria into your lungs from food, drink, or saliva.
If diagnosis and antibiotics selection is done properly, it is totally curable under supervision of chest specialist or pulmonologist.
Our center is treating all chest problems under supervision of dr sanjay kumar chest specialist in patna.
Thanks and regards